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Protein in the urine (proteinuria)

What is Proteinuria?

Proteinuria is the leakage of protein into the urine. Urinary protein losses may vary depending on the underlying cause and can accelerate the progression of CKD.

Causes
  • Diabetes and high blood pressure can damage the kidneys and lead to the leakage of protein into the urine.
  • Glomerulonephritis (kidney inflammation from different conditions) can also result in proteinuria.
  • Certain medications, toxins, or heavy metal poisoning can affect kidney function and cause proteinuria.
  • Systemic diseases such as lupus or multiple myeloma.
Symptoms

When there is low-grade protein loss (known as microalbuminuria), the patient will not have any symptoms.

Moderate to higher-grade protein losses can present with swelling of the legs or around the eyes. Severe protein losses can be dangerous and lead to blood clots in kidney veins, the legs, and up to the lungs.

Diagnosis

There are several tests that may be done in the evaluation of proteinuria:

  • Urine routine can pick up on protein losses.
  • Urine microalbumin-to-creatinine ratio or protein-to-creatinine ratio will help estimate the amount of protein loss.
  • A 24-hour collection of urine is required to assess the quantity of protein loss.
  • Blood albumin level may be low when the protein loss is significant.
  • Kidney biopsy will be required to understand the cause.
Treatment

Treatment of proteinuria is dependent on the underlying cause. Even low-grade proteinuria should be treated to help slow the development of CKD.

  • Blood pressure control is essential with a low salt diet and medications.
  • Blood sugar control in the case of diabetes causing proteinuria.
  • Medications that target proteinuria reduction may be used, such as ACE-inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers, SGLT2-inhibitors.
  • Immunosuppressive medications may be used in specific conditions (Glomerulonephritis) to reduce proteinuria.

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We are extremely grateful and blessed to be treated under the Most humble yet very competent and knowledgeable Dr Pallavi Patri at Manipal Sarjapur road. The way you treat your patients is commendable. Your concern and care , cheerful nature, and positive approach to the patient are beyond medicines. We were able to conquer the toughest phase of our life only because you helped us believe there was light on the other side. We want to thank you for being so humble and professional. The Nephro team under Doctor Pallavi is dedicated , committed and ready to help even with minor queries to provide ease to the patients. Dr, you are a true definition of efficiency and hard work. When life came in as a pause and a rude shock, you helped with a restart button ; to move ahead and forward in life with hope. Thank you, dear doctor!

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